Sunday, December 29, 2019

Sexism - 969 Words

Since the beginning of history, sexism has always been a prominent barrier between sexes. The notion that women are not on the same level as men has always been in existence. We see that even during the book of exodus this belief stems from the creation of Eve, through a rib of Adam. From scripture, Eve s roll was to be considered as a servant and a temptress, the sole reason why Adam ate the apple. Consequently Eve is blamed as being the reason mankind is not living in a paradise. Sexism has continued throughout ancient history and continues occur in our own environment to this day. Sexism is defined as the discrimination or hatred against people based on their gender rather then their individual†¦show more content†¦Most people would debate that men are much stronger and better athletes. According to the race however, there was very little difference between man and woman versus the first man and the last man. Clearly this shows that gender bias if not ethical is clearly incorrect. What about emotions? Do certain genders carry more tendency to act a certain way? In 1970 a study conducted by two psychologists at Stanford university showed four amazing things. They sifted though nearly 1500 research papers, studied behavior tendencies and only found four differences: Males are more aggressive then females, girls have better verbal skills then boys, boys have better visual-spatial ability and boys have better mathematical ability from about thirteen onward. Another interesting piece of information that they discovered that on average these differences were extremely small. (Shaw, 21) Fackerell, Michael. Mormonism - What s the story?, 1991-2005 http://www.christian-faith.com/religion/mormon.html Katz, Bob. Mormon Pioneer of the Desert, 1996-2006 http://www.desertusa.com/mag98/nov/papr/brighamyoung.html Lanius, Roger. The Mormon presence in Canada - Brigham Young, 1991 http://www.lds-mormon.com/canada.shtml Packem, Richard. To Those Who Are Investigating Mormonism, 2005 http://www.exmormon.org/tract2.htm Biblical Discernment Ministries. Mormonism -Show MoreRelatedSexism in the Media2977 Words   |  12 Pagessexism in the media Karen Harper, Oakland LMV What comprises sexism and feminism? Do sexist images in the media have an impact on women and girls? And, what are the broader political issues here? I am hoping that we can reframe the debate around sexism and nudity in the media in a way that makes sense for socialists. We’re all probably aware of sexist representations in the media from newspapers and magazines to the movies, TV and radio. For example, Rolling Stone magazine didn’t used to be a softRead MoreSexism Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesAn everlasting Conflict Sexism is categorized by extreme cases, but when in reality, both female and male parties execute sexism everyday even in the simplest forms. Though women tend to receive more grieve when it comes to sexist acts or sexist slurs made by men, the level of sexist disputes has decreases drastically with time. The play â€Å"Trifles† displays the major difference is the mindset of the split sexes. The setting presents a time when women were belittled and not taken seriously. SusanRead MoreSexism in the Workplace2282 Words   |  10 Pagesdiscrimination occurs very often in the workplace. The most common would be, sexism against women; because men are the more dominant figure in today s society they receive more jobs, than do women Sexism is described as â€Å"discrimination or devaluation based on a persons sex as in restricted job opportunities; especially, such discrimination directed against women.† (Merriam-Webster) Since the beginning of history, sexism has always been a prominent barrier between sexes. The notion that women areRead MoreThe Burden Of Benevolent Sexism Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesdecided to conduct my research on is titled The Burden of Benevolent Sexism: How it contributes to the maintenance of gender inequalities. The article is written and researched by Manuela Barreto and Naomi Ellemers from Leiden University in the Netherlands. The article examines benevolent sexism and how it contributes to the continuation of gender inequalities. It discusses the idea how we are less likely to challenge benevolent sexism due to the fact that we do not see it as a prejudice view or asRead MoreSexism As A Scientist Or Engineer886 Words   |  4 Pageslong history of sexism in science, t echnology, engineer and mathematics (STEM), women have been discrimination of being unfit or not ‘apprehensiveness’ enough for being a scientist or engineer by men who have high doubtful on women or mocking women working as an engineer that they would destroy something. Determining or judging the action of the gender in different position and the thinking of discrimination from the superior race or gender to the lesser is what it called sexism. Sexism is most commonRead MoreThe Problem Of Gender Sexism1716 Words   |  7 Pageslot of powerless groups exist in this world, such as the group of women. The problem of gender sexism exists from the beginning of the history and still continues in today’s society. Women are still inferior to men in my country, whether from family and job status, social position and political views, women are treated unequal and disrespectful, therefore, this problem needs more abundant attention. â€Å"Sexism, like many forms of prejud ice, only survives in a traditional environments and this is how itRead MoreSexism in Television Commercials750 Words   |  3 PagesSexism in Television Commercials Many of us have seen a commercial and felt offended by the sexist attitudes represented. It appears that on every channel, there is another television commercial trying to sell its product with beautiful women. These commercials can range from selling beer to selling cars (Sadiq). From sports to personal hygiene and home improvement products. Almost every commercial has someone missing proper attire, or insinuating the other is dumb or not as intelligent. TheseRead MoreRacism, Sexism, And Classism1188 Words   |  5 PagesMerlyn Manoj April 13, 2016 Period 2 Kale Then and Now: Changes of Racism, Sexism, and Classism In To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Jem and Scout, the protagonists in the book, experience and learn about the problems of racism, sexism, and classism when their father, Atticus, agrees to defend Tom Robinson, an African American, in a trial. Set in the 1930s, most people were treated unfairly because of their race, gender, or social class. Even though problems about race, gender, and classRead More Sexism in the Workplace Essay505 Words   |  3 PagesSexism in the Workplace The workplace is the area in which sexism is most commonly found. Sexism is in evidence in unfair recruitment practices, unequal pay, and intimidating behavior towards colleagues. Legislation is now in place in many countries that prohibits unfair treatment of staff on the grounds of their sex. The problem with this legislation is that they are often difficult to apply. In 1970, the Equal Pay Act was introduced. It requiresRead MoreSexism And Objectification Of Women1556 Words   |  7 Pagesone that continues to boggle my mind is that misogyny and the objectification of women is somehow still present. Barely 60 years ago (yes, your own grandmother probably was a victim of this overt sexism), gender bias was a completely acceptable, and often encouraged office practice. While this sort of sexism is not as prevalent in today’s work environment, it is important to remember that young men at work in the 1960’s who experienced and practiced this overt gender bias are the men who grew up to

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Increase of Illegal Immigrants - 1851 Words

In the contemporary society, illegal immigration has been on the increase in the last few decades, and this increase has caused a lot of concern not only for State governments and organization, but also Federal administration. With increased insecurity and the threat of terrorism in the current world, it has made the immigration issue be of great concern to many. The effects and impacts of illegal immigrants to the natives have also prompted those in authority to address the issue with a lot of concern and caution. This has raised a mixed view between and among those affected. As a result, legislators and lobby groups have come up with policies, rules and regulations that try to address and control the societal problem. There are many†¦show more content†¦ALIPAC also involves itself in public education programs highlighting the public about challenges that illegal immigration causes such as security threats and illegal alien crimes. The group has also worked closely with legislators involved in formulating laws that regulate and limit illegal immigrants. Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act touch on many issues affecting illegal immigration, and therefore, it has an abroad goal and objective that the policy intends to address. The purpose of the Act is to fix the dysfunctional immigration programs that over the years have not worked to reach and achieve desired results. The legislators had argued out that current immigration programs were not real-time to address issues touching on illegal immigrants, as it is in the current diverged society, with issues that are ever changing. Reinforcing border security is another target that the policy intends to address. It proposed and included addition of retired armed forces personnel and members of the reserve to be included in recruitment of law enforcement agencies by Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The act also had a goal of improving local or interior enforcement of immigration law so as to realize intended objectives of minimizing if not complet ely end illegal immigration in the US.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Law Breakers: The Cost of Illegal Immigrants1461 Words   |  6 Pagesthe strong work ethic and perseverance of immigrants it has become the country we see today. But in this vast amount of time between the immigrants of 21st century and those of the past what has changed the effects people see immigrants as having. The Native Americans in the 1800s saw people immigrating to their lands as unnecessary pest and not people who would one day help the country grow and thrive. Just as today many Americans view illegal immigrants, people who come into a country illegallyRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Are Good For The Economy Of The United States1250 Words   |  5 Pageshistory of independent United States, the country has attracted immigrants from different parts of the world. Illegal immigrants form the larger proportion of the immigrants into the United States. Policy analysts, government officials, as well as scholars hav e sought to ascertain the political, social, and economic impacts of the illegal immigrants (Hanson 11). Particularly, there has been raging debate regarding the economic impact of illegal immigration to the United States of America. It has becomeRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Illegal Immigrants1335 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been one of the main topics during the last three presidential election. Many bills and laws have been passed in order to keep them out but is it really necessary to neglect illegal immigrant? Most Americans believe that illegal immigrants are only people of Mexicans or Latin American descent but illegal immigrants can be from any race or country. Illegal immigration is defined by United States Department of Homeland Security as â€Å"†¦ all foreign-born non-citizens who are notRead MoreEffects of Immigration on the Economy Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pages| Illegal Immigrants Are They A Stress On Our Economy. | | | Joanna Przyborski | 10/27/2012 | | Illegal immigration is an issue that has been highly debated in the United States for decades, and the effects of these immigrants will be for many to come, especially with the country in a recession and many people in economic trouble. December 1, 2008 the National Bureau of Economic Research officially declared the U.S. in a recession. Before 2007, U.S. economy has grown inRead MoreImmigration Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor McCombs ENG 1301, Essay 1-Expressive, 22 October 12 Nation of Immigrants It is often said that America is a nation of immigrants. Generations have drifted to the United States in hope for opportunity and liberty, and have also helped this country become very wealthy. Many illegal immigrants left their country in hope for a greater life in America. These immigrants have brought their culture to the U.S. They have made a new America by changing economy, work andRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is The Entry Of Non Us909 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Illegal immigration is the entry of non-U.S. citizens into the United States without their having applied for entry at one of the many border crossings† (Illegal Immigration 9). There are numerous ways that illegal immigrants travel into the United States. The most common forms of entry are through Canada and Mexico. However, illegal immigration did not used to exist. In fact, immigration without applying to enter into the country was allowed in the United States at the beginning of 1655. OverRead MoreThe Effec ts Of Illegal Immigrants On The United States1356 Words   |  6 PagesThere are millions of illegal immigrants in the United States, as Markon (2016) argues that the majority are from South and Central America, Europe, and Mexico. They form a population of between 10 million to 12 million undocumented immigrants in the United States. One of these illegal is my father, who came to the U.S.A in 1996 to work and tried to pay the numerous debts that he got in my country; in addition, my country had a large concern where there weren’t jobs and several banks had gone brokeRead MoreThe Issue Of Illegal Immigrants1441 Words   |  6 Pageshighly debate and criticize illegal immigration, arguing that illegal immigrants are drug addicted thieves who thrive off of stealing American’s jobs and harming the United States labor force and the economy. As the immigration rate progressively rise’s it simultaneously concerns those who favor strict immigration laws and believe t hat illegal immigrants are harming the United States. However, these assumptions are hardly fact based and people fail to acknowledge that immigrants are human beings who onlyRead MoreIllegal Immigrants1298 Words   |  6 Pages27, 2012 The Benefits of Illegal Immigrants Are illegal immigrants or undocumented immigrants beneficial to America’s economy? Most illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States (U.S.) economy. Illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States economy because they increase our tax revenue, they add to our social security, and they also increase our employment rates.† In 2000, statistics revealed 8.7 million illegal immigrants resided in the United States†Read MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1624 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is illegal immigration often viewed as a threat to the United States rather than being unscrupulous? With over 11.5 million illegal immigrants in the Unites States, opponents of illegal immigration dispute that concept of granting amnesty to these immigrants. These arguments include that certain jobs will be stolen, and an increase in crime rate would develop. Despite the fact that illegal immigration is controversial, recent studies and socia l trends have shown that granting amnesty to illegal

Friday, December 13, 2019

Potential Market Segmentation Free Essays

Since the raw materials are very much available in our country, I have decided to give the product an indigenous image. Sandwood is a kind of talcum powder that provides the consumers with processed sandal mixed talcum powder in bottles. For the marketing purpose of the product I have decided to launch three product lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Potential Market Segmentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Sandwood would be launched in the market at 150 gms. 100 gms. and 50 gms bottle. I have set a reasonable price for the product so that all kinds of people can afford to buy this talcum powder. I have targeted a huge market segment for the product. Bangladesh s a large populated country. Lots of people are looking for such a product. Sandal mixed Talcum Powder are not available all the time. My target market includes health conscious people, women, children many other consumers, which I have segmented from the Demographical, Geographical, Psychographical Behavioral point of view. Product Potrayal: I am a Brand managers of a consumer product in a domestic company. The top management asked me to choose a product to segment the potential market and we choose Talcum Powder. The description of the product is given below. Product: Talcum Powder Brand Name: Sandwood Plastic Bottle Container: Size: Price: 1 50 Grams Taka 100. Product Features: It’s Total skin comfort. Feel better than regular talcum powder. Keep the body fresh for a long time. It has a classic scent. Product Ingredients: Natural sandal, Talc, hydrated magnesium silicate, Scent We choose this very product because normally there are much talcum powder produced for women and many of them have been produced for both male and female but there are very few company that produce women talcum powder and most of them are produced outside Bangladesh. How to cite Potential Market Segmentation, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Situational Analysis Teamwork Training

Question: Describe about the Situational Analysis for Teamwork Training? Answer: Self-Reflection Advantages of working as a team in St. Patricks Teamwork refers to an understanding among team members to achieve group goals (Rosenhauer, 2009). Teamwork helps in attaining synergy where people attain something beyond their capacities (Boller, 2005). There is a tendency of mutual support and review of ideas and views, which helps the team members to make decisions better, and preparing the peer members for the disruptive surprises. Teamwork helps in improvement that makes a person self-motivated creating positivity (Lussier and Achua, 2009,pp-282). The benefits of working in a team on the project of St. Patricks are: Clarity and increase in knowledge (Roussel, Swansburg and Swansburg, 2006) - The sharing of ideas among the team members Sheka and Happiness helped in creating a better vision of the objectives of the problem statement. The mission according to which the tasks conducted by team members were clearly defined. The activities carried on by Sheka and Happiness had proper planning stages that also helped in increase in knowledge. The fields in which I lacked knowledge were well defined by my teammates and they helped in enhancing it. Motivation (West, Tjosvold and Smith, 2003)- Team members have loyalty, commitment and effort that value motivation in an individual. My team members brought out excellence in my work, helped in growth by motivating me that helped me perform better. There was an innovation in ideas and opinions that could bring a about a positive change in the framework of St.Patricks. Attainability and development (West, 2012) - Team work helps in attaining the desired objectives of work. The work was divided in a way that every individual meets the goals while working together. There were a few challenges faced during the project of recruitment of administrative assistant. A series of things had sudden changes and did not exactly go as it was predicted. This gave the capability to adapt to the existing situation and developing ways out of it. Role as a leader managing conflicts Teamwork doesnt always involve co-operative relationships (Michaelsen, Knight and Fink, 2002). Where there is a difference in opinions and ideas, there are conflicts (Cloke and Goldsmith, 2005). Conflicts are not necessarily negative, but as a leader, there needs to be an integration to resolve the difficulties (Kelly, 1998,pp-8). Following steps were framed for conflict resolution: Expression of ideas of each member Justification of their ideas Listening to areas of agreement Brainstorming solutions that would meet the common interest Agree to the solutions being implemented (Deutsch and Coleman, 2000) There wasnt a leader in the group, but I took the initiative in managing conflicts I adhered to the above-mentioned steps by not hurting any members feelings and foster each other. An autocratic leadership style wasnt followed but a democratic style as suited for the situation. Following an autocratic style isnt likely with the people of same academic groups. There were situations when no person would arrive at a planned meeting, but I handled such situations with great care and endurance. Nothing good could happen by dominating others; it would just worsen the situation and increase conflicts. The benefit by negotiating pitfalls and arriving at a joint decision in a group is more important. Another difficulty faced was timeliness. People were late with their work assigned to them, which led to wastage of resources. Also, there was a difference in opinions and cultures that had to be resolved with tolerance. Effectiveness of the team in achieving goals An effective performance of a team is attained by following a series of steps (Tseng, 2008, pp-42). Define Groups Goals- Establishment of goals and responsibility of each team member was well defined. There was clarity of work divided among members to achieve group goals. Effective Communication- There was a two-way communication among team members where ideas and views were welcomed and feedback was provided. Leadership participation- A democratic leadership was followed rather than autocratic. The views of team members were taken into consideration. Decision-making and implementation- After enlisting the expressions and views of other members, a decision was arrived at. On the basis of the decision that was just and common interest of the goal, decisions were implemented. Any changes to be made were executed and followed effectively. Resolving Conflicts- During the process of achievement of goals, there were certain conflicts like time-management, lack of responsibility that was very well taken over. Conflicts were given a positive result by working on it. Evaluation Of Role Within Team On the basis of performance and potential matrix, the meetings and overall performance was successful. Work was divided on the basis on skills and requirement. Happiness and Sheka lacked motivation that affected their working potential. I could be a better leader by motivating them to do better. There was a lack of confidence seen in them and they werent expressing their views too openly. Sheka needs more awareness about the task and conversation going around. I could have been a better speaker that could keep him attentive at all times. Assessment of Performance And Development Needs Performance Potential Matrix Skills audit and performance potential matrix is a competence based system that assesses workforce skill levels. The information helps in improving the organization by training and development required. (Fletcher, 2000,pp-33). Performance Potential Matrix for Sheka Scoring Scale: 1-4. Scoring key: 1=needs improvement, 2=Satisfactory, 3= good, 4=excellent.( Interpretation for model positioning: 1-2=low, 3-4=high). 1. Performance (factors relating to team role-assess in detail as required, or import the skills audit). Indicators Further Explanations Score 1.1 Job Skills Literacy (2) - Sheka needs improvement in his reading and writing skills. Numeracy (3) - He has a quick aptitude with calculations and mathematics 2- Satisfactory 4- Excellent 1.2Technical Knowledge Team Management (3) - Has a good working knowledge about project Leadership (3) - Possesses leadership quality but loses patience sometimes. 3- Good 3- Good 1.3 Attitude Ethical and enthusiastic (3)- Possesses a good personality and is aware of task 4- Excellent 1.4 Commitment and Flexibility Punctual and completed work within time period. Adapts to new situations (3). 3- Good 1.5 Effectiveness and results Executes the task given to him efficiently (3) 4- Excellent 1.6 Working Relationships Established good relationship with team members (3) 2- Satisfactory Performance Total (up to and including 12 = low; 13 and over = high) 19- High performance, highly motivated. 2. Potential Clear evidence of existing or developing [Factors stated below] required team role. 2.1 Capabilities Low performance: Many things cropped up at the same time 2- Satisfactory 2.2 Knowledge High performance: Is interactive and has good working knowledge 4- Excellent 2.3 Attitude Behaviour High performance: Disciplined and friendly nature 3- Good 2.4 Commitment and flexibility High performance: Timeliness and adaptability 2- Satisfactory 2.5Srategic Awareness Low performance: Knowing what is happening in the task 1- Needs improvement 2.6 Working Relationships High performance: a good listener 4- Excellent Potential total(up to and including 12 = low; 13 and over = high) 16- He is a good performer, just needs to be aware and increase the working knowledge on her subject. Performance Potential Matrix for Happiness Scoring Scale: 1-4. Scoring key: 1=needs improvement, 2=Satisfactory, 3= good, 4=excellent.( Interpretation for model positioning: 1-2=low, 3-4=high). 1. Performance (factors relating to team role-assess in detail as required, or import the skills audit). Indicators Further explanation Score 1.1 Job Skills Literacy (3) - Happiness needs improvement in his reading and writing skills. Numeracy (3) - He has a quick aptitude with calculations and mathematics 4- Excellent 4- Excellent 1.2Technical Knowledge Team Management (3) - Has a good working knowledge about project Leadership (3) - Possesses leadership quality but loses patience sometimes. 3- Good 3- Good 1.3 Attitude Ethical and enthusiastic (3)- Possesses a good personality and is aware of task 3- Good 1.4 Commitment and Flexibility Punctual and completed work within time period. Adapts to new situations (3). 3- Good 1.5 Effectiveness and results Executes the task given to him efficiently (3) 4- Excellent 1.6 Working Relationships Established good relationship with team members (3) 3-Good Performance Total (up to and including 12 = low; 13 and over = high) 19- High performance, highly motivated. 2. Potential Clear evidence of existing or developing [Factors stated below] required team role. 2.1 Capabilities Low performance: Many things cropped up at the same time 2- Satisfactory 2.2 Knowledge High performance: Is interactive and has good working knowledge 4- Excellent 2.3 Attitude Behaviour High performance: Disciplined and friendly nature 3- Good 2.4 Commitment and flexibility High performance: Timeliness and adaptability 2- Satisfactory 2.5Srategic Awareness Low performance: Knowing what is happening in the task 1- Needs improvement 2.6 Working Relationships High performance: a good listener 4- Excellent Potential total(up to and including 12 = low; 13 and over = high) 27- He is a good performer, just needs to be aware and increase the working knowledge on her subject. Smart Objectives Specific- It makes the objectives clear and well defined with a basic knowledge to understand them. Measurable- Knowing if the objective is obtainable and when the project is likely to be completed, and when it has been achieved. Attainable- Identifying ways the project can be achieved, build capacity, good character, and skills to reach them Realistic- Ensuring if the resources and skills are sufficient Time-bound Ensuring the work is completed within the provided time frame (Richman, 2006, pp-66). Sheka It is advisable for him to take classes on computers for increasing her working knowledge on excel, web design, power point and word. Time assessment programs may be taken by him to manage time better whichcan be attained in a period of 4-6 months. Happiness It is advisable to be strategically aware of the situation and tasks going on. It is also advised for him to to involve in motivational groups and conferences. Situational Analysis Situational analysis is the recognition and assessment of internal as well as external analysis that influences capability of individuals in attaining goals. It is an analysis of individuals strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats (Ogden and Ogden, 2005). They may be identified as internal factors and external factors (Clarke, 2005). Internal Factors Sheka- Throughout the project, communication skills were improper in case of Sheka. He is not skilled enough for reading or writing properly. He is not punctual. It was slightly difficult working with him. Happiness- A huge contribution was made by him in the entire task. He is good with communication, always provided a feedback. The tasks were completed on time. External Factors Sheka- Sheka has low flexibility and doesnt adapt to the situations quickly. He was less serious about the task in the whole venture. Happiness- Issues like back lock during the assignment procedure was experienced with him. He got stressed easy and it gets difficult to handle him. Self Evaluation Self evaluation of the assessment process conducted is based on four parameters namely, Commitment, Motivation, Confidentiality, Credibility (Loon, 2004,pp-127). I was committed for the project provided to us. The other team members were a great motivation in completion of the task and were present in times of urgency. I provided feedback for what structural changes were to be done. I could be a better leader by motivating Sheka to perform better. The project helped me in recruiting the right person for the right job. Also, different skills were enhanced in the areas I lacked confidence. Safeguarding the best candidates was a priority and measures were extracted in doing that. Conclusion The assessment for the recruitment of an administrative staff established with a concept of dealing with the factors and capabilities of team members. The project helped in working as a team together, enhancing leadership skills, developing communication and selection of deserving candidate for the post of administrative assistant. The value of team leadership and the importance of working in a team together was developed. References Boller, S. (2005).Teamwork training. Alexandria, Va.: ASTD Press. Clarke, A. (2005).Situational analysis. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Cloke, K. and Goldsmith, J. (2005).Resolving conflicts at work. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Deutsch, M. and Coleman, P. (2000).The handbook of conflict resolution. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass. Fletcher, S. (2000).Competence-based assessment techniques. London: Kogan Page. Kelly, G. (1998).Team leadership. Brookfield, Vt.: Gower. Loon, H. (2004).Process assessment and improvement. New York: Springer. Lussier, R. and Achua, C. (2007).Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development. p.282. Michaelsen, L., Knight, A. and Fink, L. (2002).Team-based learning. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Ogden, J. and Ogden, D. (2005).Retailing. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Richman, L. (2006).Improving your project management skills. New York: American Management Association. Rosenhauer, S. (2009).Teams and Teamwork as the Basis of Effectiveness. Munchen: GRIN Verlag GmbH. Roussel, L., Swansburg, R. and Swansburg, R. (2006).Management and leadership for nurse administrators. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Tseng, H. (2008).The relationships between trust and satisfaction and performance among the virtual teams with different developmental processes. West, M. (2012).Effective teamwork. Chichester, West Sussex: BPS Blackwell. West, M., Tjosvold, D. and Smith, K. (2003).International handbook of organizational teamwork and cooperative working. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley.